Link to the teaching: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EDjLmBjMG8c
Tuesday, 13 July 2021
Beyond religion - 4. Compassion, the foundation of wellbeing
- Unlike reptilians, birds and mammals spend time nurturing their offspring.
- Humans have a long period of nurture, and the role of others' concern and affection is obviously crucial to our survival and wellbeing.
- There is evidence on the crucial role of warmth and affection for our physical development during our childhood. But it does not end here, when we face difficulties in life, we turn to others for support.
- When we are treated for illness, the attitude of doctors and nurses is also important.
- Humans are not alone, studies show that it applies to many mammals.
- Wellbeing is not only passive. Even more important is giving warmth and affection, being genuinely concerned for others (compassion) that we gain conditions for genuine happiness. For this reason, loving is even more important than being loved.
- When we feel compassion, whether we succeed in bringing benefit to others or not, the first beneficiary is always oneself. It shift our focus from our narrow self-interest, reduces our fear, boost our confidence and brings inner strength.
- By reducing distrust, it opens us to others and brings a sense of connection with them and a sense of purpose and meaning in life. Compassion also give us respite from our own difficulties.
Beyond religion - 3. The quest for happiness
- Wealth, health, and friendship
- We need a certain level of material comfort (even hermits do). But there is no guarantee that material comforts will give lasting satisfaction. They can even induce to stress, anxiety, and worry (of losing them). The happiness of new material things only increases our wellbeing temporarily. running after material acquisitions may not be greed but fickleness, this is very much the current consumption culture. However, mental wealth, based on love and compassion cannot create stress. If we are in a society with strong differences of wealth, the level of contentment will be lower that if it is more balanced. Well-being depends therefore on context.
- Looking after our physical is crucial. Eating well, sleeping well, and doing exercise. Visiting a qualified doctor when we get ill. But health is neither ultimate source of happiness, as healthy people can also feel miserable. The state of mind, outlook, and motivation are real sources of happiness.
- Genuine friendship can only be based on trust and affection, and this can only arise when there is a mutual sense of concern and respect
- Two levels of satisfaction
- Sensory level experiences: wealth, health, friendship
- Own mental state: genuine human happiness
- Sensory stimulation pleasures correspond to a craving, that in excess can turn into suffering
- Inner level of satisfaction requires peace of mind or some mental composture. When we have inner resilience we can mantain some degree of happiness even under extreme circumstances and without sensual stimulation has no positive effect.
- Other factors that contribute to our happiness is a sense of purpose and the feeling of connection with others or belonging to a community. Both are rooted in compassion or warm heart.
Beyond religion - 2. Our common humanity
- We need clear understanding of what unites us all, our common humanity. What makes us human?
- Our body, ultimately stardust
- Our conscious experience: pain and pleasure
- Francisco Varela: sentient beings distinguish from plants by the ability to move. The ability to respond to our surroundings with conscious experience is mind
- Human experience is composed by
- Five senses
- Subjective experiences of sensations: pleasant, unpleasant, neutral, or combination
- All sentient beings look for pleasant and avoid unpleasant or painful experiences. Human beings have evolved to the highest complexity.
- Human mind includes on top of thoughts, imagination and memory, feelings and emotions. We have a strong capacity for remembering, beyond animals, and toproject thoughts into the future. Moreover, a powerful imagination and high communication capacity trough symbolic language. Our pinnacle is the rational thinking, to critically evaluate and compare real and imaginary situations.
- Instinctive capacity for empathy, beyond some limited experience of animals. We respond to others' suffering, and we share the joy of others' triumph over adversity. everyone prefers see others smiling rather than frowning
- As socials animals, our survival and flourishing depends on being part of the community, therefore we need empathy.
- We all seek for happiness, no one wishes troubles (NB: why people climb mountains, cross oceans?). For humans this is a complex issue. In this quest, humanity reached many achievements including religion, and also created many problems: war environment degradation.
- In the quest for happiness and avoidance of suffering we are fundamentally equal. The Dalai Lama relates to everyone based on this understanding that generates a natural closeness with anybody. => we are human beings
Beyond religion - Introduction
Last half of XXth century has bring a lot of progress. At the same time there is still a lot of suffering.
Problems occur also in developed countries, therefore we lack of something. Of what? The Dalai Lama believe we pay too much attention to the external, material aspects of life, while neglecting moral ethics and inner values.
Our instinct is compassionate, the spiritual principle from which all other positive values emerge. Its essence is a desire to alleviate the suffering of others and promote their wellbeing.
We create systems to deal with problems of the society, but they only are effective depending on the way we use them. They will be as effective as the responsibles for implementing.
As long as we put priority to material values, problems will persist. But science has no ground yet for foundations on personal integrity, and religion address specific groups of people, while present societies are mixed. Therefore we need secular ethics.
Beyond religion - 11. Meditation as mental cultivation
- Develop awareness to deal with emotions
- Cultivate inner values is to develop the paramitas. Mental discipline needs familiarisation with the mind itself, in Tibetan gom.
Transformation
- There are three levels of understanding: hearing, reflection, and contemplative experience. The last is when the understanding is fully integrated (e.g. learning to drive a car)
- Hearing: convincement
- Reflecting: deep conviction that makes the knowledge part of our view
- It applies also to compassion, not limited to intellect faculties.
Forms of mental cultivation
- This is not only buddhist but also other traditions
- Mental discipline don't requires faith commitment, only recognises that a clearer and calmer mind is beneficial for ourselves and others.
- There are two types:
- Analytical meditation
- Absortive meditation
- There are two types of objectives, both need effort
- Cultivating the mind, e.g equality of all the beings
- Cultivating the heart: compassion
- Procrastination
- Story of the lama promising a picnic to the students
- Until we make the same, not commiting, we will find excuses with other things more urgent to do.
- Planning and practice
- Early morning is usually the best time (since YMR is not for the case everybody)
- At the beginning, do ten/fifteen minutes per session (YMR short time/many times)
- Find the place: for most of us sound can be disturbing, do better in a quiet place.
- Position: cross legs, or in a chair with both feet in the ground. Preference for less distractions
- Relax body and mind: use breath.
- Reflect on the benefits
- Respite(?) from obsessive worrying, calculations, and fantasising
- Path to highest wisdom although it takes long time
- Reflect also in the shortcomings of not practice
- Focused attention
- Chose an object, after some time you can use mental image
- The image must be bright and clear. Also heavy.
- After stabilizing using breath [may take months] inspect the mind, not too tight, not too relaxed. When distracted, bring back the mind
- End with a deep breath.
- Present moment awareness
- You may sit in front of low colored plain wall
- Relax your mind breathing
- Rest in the natural state of awareness
- Try to not follow your thoughts, see them as clouds in the sky
- Slowly you will have glimpses of the mere luminosity, realizing that your mind is like a mirror
- When distracted bring back your attention to the mere awareness
- End with some deep breaths
- Loving kindness and compassion
- Relax and settle the mind
- Think on someone that you have difficult with, and consider that is like you. The person wants happiness and do not want suffering
- Cultivate the wish that this person achieve happiness.
- Equanimity
- Analytical: level our interactions to avoid categorize as friends, foes, and strangers
- Experiential: develop strong feeling that all humans are equal to aspire hapinessm and wish to avoid suffering. Wonder what justifies discrimination between me and others.
- Rejoicing
- Roles that inspire us (doctors, teachers,...) identifying what motivates people to devote to others
- dealing with afflictive emotions
- Five emotions
- Relax mind, and choose one emotion
- Reflect on the effect of the emotion on you
- Develop awareness about how it feels , in particular when the emotion arises
- Apply relevant antidotes
- Forbearance for anger
- Loving kindness for hatred
- Imperfection of objects for desire and greed
- Obstacles
- Agitation causing distraction: visualize a dark sphere
- Dullness or space out causing laxity: visualize a bright sphere
- Practice need time
- Joy of mental training
- Never force, remain patient and do not discourage
- Needs discipline, not punishment
- Impact on daily life
- Modest goal of achieving groundlessness, characterized by natural humility and robust peace of mind
- Moderate effort over long period is the key to succeed
- Emphasis in quality rather than quantity. The purpose is to become compassionate
Beyond religion - 10. Cultivating the key inner values
Patience and forbearance
- Includes the qualities of tolerance, forbearance, and forgiveness. It is the ability to endure suffering. It is not passivity, nor resignation with gritted teeth.
- Patience to those who harm
- Many factors
- Angeris not wanted (it is like being ill)
- Response with kindness and forgiveness is more appropriate, distinguishing between the action and the actor. We can opposite to the unjust action, but still being concerned by the actor (imagining he/she is your son/daughter)
- Patience through acceptance of suffering
- Developing genuine attitude of acceptance of the reality that life involves hardship. Suffering is not good, but accepting it will make it easier to bear.
- People that have gone thru heavy hardship (e.g. IIWW) are more able to cope with adversity without loosing their humour.
- Shantideva: if there is a solution what need is there for dejection; if there is no solution what point is there in worry.
- Not surrender to suffering, accepting it is the first step to combat its harm. Accepting it, we begin to see that not everything is negative.
- Suffering can be a catalyst for spiritual growth, on top of make us stronger, it brings to some humility and more tuned with reality.
- Patience through contemplation of reality
- If we have a misfortune, it can be the fortune of someone else (e.g. job opportunity to someone else, maybe needing it more than ourselves).
- Benefits of practicing patience: not loss composure, use of discernment also in difficult situations, give us inner space, gain self-control, and choose to respond with kindness and compassion.
Contentment
- The example of the Dalai Lama in a western shop: "I like this, and this, and this... but actually I don't need it"
- It is ethical value? The tibetan term is absence of greed, knowing what is enough. It is the virtue of moderation. Poverty is not a virtue, but happiness does not come from wealth.
- The financial crisis of 2008 was caused by greed, excessive speculation (means activity without full knowledge), and lack of transparency that allowed dishonesty.
- Contentment is not suggesting that poverty is acceptable, because it causes tremendous hardship, and we must try to alleviate it.
- It is wiser to set us limits and exercise contentment of material richness. In contrast, the potential to acquire mental richness is limitless. We must therefore strive for more.
Self-discipline
- It must be voluntarily embraced. Imposed rarely brings about inner transformation.
- Considering the harm of lack of self-discipline (e.g. drug abuse) we should consider those looking after us and those whose welfare is connected to ours.
- Socially, corruption that goes on almost everywhere is a failure of self-discipline.
- Mastering our destructive emotions with awareness and self-discipline of body, speech, and mind frees us of the turmoil when our behaviour contradict our values. Instead of turmoil, come confidence, integrity and dignity.
Generosity
- We talk about generosity of the heart, connected to the virtue of forgiveness
- There are four kinds: material goals; freedom from fear; spiritual counsel; giving of love.
- Always must aim benefit others, not seeking favours or praise.
- Using discernment: proper formats; at the right time; out of respect for the recipient.
- Charitable giving and philanthropy: the most important is for health and education; it possible for everyone, adjusted to our own possibilities
- Joy of giving: giving benefits the recipient but also the giver. It is good to take joy of it.
Beyond religion - 9. Dealing with destructive emotions
- If we could not change our behaviour then we would be slavesof our emotions, but science is collecting evidence that change is possible
- Emotions are a combination of mental processes and feelings (actually there is no single mental process without feeling but for the sake of simplicity we call some process just thinking)
Emotional states
- Usually we classify the emotional states in two groups
- Positive: pleasant or joyful
- Negative: unpleasant or painful
- From the buddhist perspective the classification is different
- Beneficial
- Harmful: to our long-term wellbeing
- Sadness, grief, and remorse can be unpleasant but not necessarily afflictive (they can help for example, to overcome the death of a loved one)
- Longing for something pleasurable can lead us to destructive behaviours (one extreme, could be get addicted to a drug).
- Destructive emotions undermine our wellbeing creating internal turmoil and depriving mental freedom
- Destructive emotional states, like greed, hatred, and malice
- Potential destructive depending on intensity, like attachment, anger and fear
- Emotions appeared for evolutionary purposes
- Attachment creates bonds
- Anger repel forces for survival
- Fear responds to threats by vigilance
- Envy prompts to compete to not disregard our needs
- However destructive emotions do not have constructive elements e.g. hatred is always destructive
- Duality of emotions appears also for doubt, shame, grief, competitiveness, egoism (distinguish between healthy sense of self and unhealthy sense of self)
- Destructive emotions have a tendency to distort the sense of reality (e.g. attachment becomes greed, anger becomes hatred) and makes us unable to act in our own interest. They cloud our capacity of discernment
- Unrealistic perspective
- Anger family, characterised by an exaggerated repulsion: hatred, enmity, malice
- Attachment family, characterised by an exaggerated attraction: greed, lust, craving
- Envy, pride and doubt family, characterised by a mixture of excessive attraction and excessive repulsion
- Envy is attachment and attraction plus anger and hostility
- Pride includes conceit, arrogance, prejudice and obsessive embarrassment, that is attraction and repulsion
- Doubt includes anxiety, obsessive guilt rooted in fear and self-loathing
- We use a two-fold approach: to reduce the impact of destructive emotions and to develop our natural positive qualities
- Reduce: taking a position (commitment?9 to neutralize and use antidotes (positive antidotes). Based on the understanding of the harm of the emotions use heedfulness, mindfulness, and awareness.
- Develop strong enthusiasm and determination to avoid the harm and the disturbance of our inner peace
- Understanding causes: we use to attribute the cause outside, but when we reflect, we understand that our reactions depends on our outlook, attitude and emotional habits. Although we can be right, when something wrong happen our feelings can be often unrealistic and exaggerated, mostly dominated by our habits. Therefore, we must pay attention to these habits. For example, anger mostly perpetuate by our lack of contentment that facilitate the trigger of the destructive emotions.
- Awareness: we must be open and honest with ourselves and bring awareness to our emotional triggers, how we feel, and what behaviours they provoke.
- Attentiveness: it is difficult to achieve. This is natural and we must develop awareness gradually, with patient perseverance. Starting with the outward manifestations of our behaviour because they are easier to notice. After some training, we can walk back the casual chain to eventually eliminate the afflictive emotion.
- Catching oneself: be vigilant to become familiar with the ways destructive emotions affects us physically. The we can try to observe our physical and mental responses to the sensations (voice changes, closing fists, ...). Then, we step back in the causal chain to the moment the emotion arises (use breath). Eventually we can catch the emotion before it arises getting less sensitive to the triggers, and not allowing the projection that distorts reality.
- Moods (Dr. Ekman) there is a continuum between emotions, moods, and personal traits, each one more persistent than the precedent. So the way of treating them is the same. Although moods seem more difficult to change, they are not permanent (e.g. we change mood when we hear good news). The way is always dealing with the underlying emotion.
Beyond religion - 7. Ethics in our shared world
- Ethical problems come from human behaviour to solve them we must change our outlook and our ways of doing
- We cannot set an ethics for our personal level and another for the social level. If we look only for our inner development neglecting the wider problems of the world we are mistaking. We must apply the principle of global responsibility
- Rapid progress of technology is a challenge to keep the pace of our discernment to use all this power
- Indeed, all this progress, and the fact that we do not have destroyed ourselves, is due to our ability to cooperate.
- War is outdated and illogical. Violence only conduces to more violence. In our highly connected world, distant events can have an impact (e.g.terrorism is an extreme example). Also the outcome is unpredictable.
- Therefore, it is necessary to adopt programs of discernment (compassion in practice) committing to dialogue, cooperation, and understanding also increased and we cannot longer pretend ignoring the impact of our actions in the environment. These challenges needs cooperation, and states cannot think only in their national self-interest.
- The economic inequalities are more extreme than ever and apart of the morality issue, it provokes many problems: wars, immigration... Initiatives like microfinance can help to alleviate poverty.
- Education has focused on technological knowledge and ethics was assumed through religion, but this changed. In a secular approach ethics must be based in an universal approach. Education must include formal exercices of attentiveness and the cultivation of inner values.
- Teacher must embody these values: i) academic excellence; ii) moral integrity; 3) kindness
- To face all the challenges we must perseverate
Meditation
- Interdependence: i) how are we at peace? ii) how we got economic prosperity? iii) how the environment changes?
Beyond religion - 6. The role of discernement
- Although compassion is the foundation of ethics we need also discernement to ensure that our choices are realistic and our intentions are not wasted
- Ethical awareness, beneficial for oneself and others, arises from the use of reason
- Rules for simply, daily cases, are OK, so we do not become overwhelmed by every decision
- Ethics questions are often not blank or white. We must check our motivation and the pros and cons of our decisions. One perspective is not enough. Moreover, every incident is the result of countless causes and conditions, some may remain hidden and many are beyond our control.
- Therefore we must relay in our motivation and discernment to ensure we (try to) do our best
Meditation
- Trying our best
Saturday, 10 July 2021
La canço de les balances (The song of the scales) - Josep Maria Carandell
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Wednesday, 7 July 2021
Bonheur de la sagesse - 5. Percée
Qu'est-ce qu'est le bonheur?
- Conclure que tous les êtres veulent être heureux et éviter la souffrance, n'est pas une proposition bouddhiste ou d'une philosophie particulière, mais une déduction de bon sens issue de l'observation de notre comportement et celui des autres.
- Comment définir et atteindre le bonheur? Y a-t-il une chose que soit cause de bonheur pour tous? En fait, il n'y a en pas, en tout cas il n'y a pas d'objet extérieur que fonctionne pour tous. En fait nous sommes attrapés par des habitudes enracinées très profondément que perpétuent notre souffrance.
- Souvent on croit qu'une de ces habitudes, définir l'expérience en termes dualistes, "soi", "moi" est une espèce de défaut pour le bouddhisme. En fait, le dualisme est un aspect de la conscience: un instrument utile, mais limité.
- Notre nature de bouddha a plus de capacités, mais la vision dualiste nous empêche d'éprouver tout notre potentiel. Il nous faut un outil différent pour changer notre expérience.
Erreur et illusion
- Comme des lunettes de verre colorée, nos habitudes conditionnent notre vision du monde. Nous sommes tellement habitués, que nous n'arrivons même pas a imaginer, qu'on puisse expérimenter la réalité sans ce conditionnement.
- Notre biologie, culture et expérience passée nous font croire que les distinctions relatives sont des vérités absolues, et les concepts des expériences directes.
- Cela génère un sentiment de malaise obsédant, une dukkha flottante derrière tout. Par réaction à cette malaise, nous attribuons aux personnes, objets et situations, des qualités imaginaires (comme la permanence, singularité et indépendance), ce qui voile davantage notre vision.
Le premier pas
- La NV4, la vérité de la voie, dit que pour mettre un terme à la souffrance, il faut couper court aux habitudes de perception dualiste et aux illusions qui les maintiennent en place. Pour le faire, nous ne les combattons ni les supprimons, mais nous les acceptons et explorons. Dukkha devient notre guide.
- Au début, les expériences coulent trop vite, elles semblent floues, difficiles à discerner. Mais avec de l'effort et patience, on commence à les distinguer, à les voir les différentes idées, croyances, états d'esprit. Et en suite, des fissures, des trous, ces idées ne semblent plus aussi solides qu'on le croyais. Cette mirage commence à s'écrouler.
- Au départ, il y a de la confusion mais nous comprenons progressivement notre nature. Il y a trois bosses dans le chemin: la singularité, la permanence, et l'indépendance.
La permanence
- Les machines tombent en panne, les objets se cassent, les personnes tombent malades et meurent. Nous aussi. Nous changeons d'emploi, de partenaire, de domicile.
- Bien que nous admettons le changement, nous sommes accrochés à l'idée de permanence: qu'il y a un noyau qui reste stable dans les personnes, objets et situations. Le bouddha compare cette croyance à grimper sur un arbre de aspecte solide, mais creux à l'intérieur, plus nous montons et sommes accrochés, plus probable qu'il s'écroule.
- Moi, vous, changeons constamment au niveau mental et émotionnel. Ce changement est plus évident si on l'examine sur une longue durée: le "moi" enfant s'intéressait à des choses que le "moi" présent ne regarde plus. C'est ainsi les cas pour les autres, parfois la transformation est telle qu'on a mal à le reconnaître.
- Aussi notre corps physique subit des changements constants (e.g. les hormones). A niveau atomique tout est en constant mouvement et changement.
- Si on tient compte de toutes ces choses, où trouvera-t-on la permanence?
La singularité
- De l'illusion de permanence vient l'idée de singularité: la croyance que le "noyau essentiel" persistant est indivisible et unique. C'est tellement subtile que nous ne le voyons pas jusqu'à on nous le fait remarquer.
- Quand nous racontons notre expérience, nous referons constamment à "je", mais ce "je" est décrit en relation à des situations très différentes, parfois avec des états intérieurs très différents. Nous pouvons argumenter que sont des différents parties de "je", mais alors, laquelle c'est "je"?
L'indépendance
- C'est qui Mingyur Rinpoché? Son puce, sa main, son bras, le corps? La culture, la famille ou il a grandi? Les expériences d'adulte?
- Quand nous voyons Mingyur Rinpoché, on le voit d'un certain angle (droit, gauche), et aussi conditionnés par si nous le connaissons, ou pas, même nous pouvons pas savoir que les robes sont du bouddhisme tibétain.
- Donc, quand nous attribuons indépendance à un objet, c'est qu'un concept, comme la singularité. Tout est composé, surgit par un grand nombre de causes et de conditions différentes, étroitement reliées entre elles. Chaque partie est faite de matière qui arrive de beaucoup d'endroits différents et il faut un procès pour tout assembler (construction, croissance).
- Nous pouvons tout décomposer en parties de plus en plus fines, jusqu'à arriver aux modernes théories ou les particules subatomiques, ne sont que des paquets d'énergie en mouvant. Tout émerge par l'interdépendance des causes et conditions.
- C'est pareil pour nos pensées et émotions, sont interdépendantes d'un grand nombre de causes et conditions.
- Comme impermanence, que peut présenter des avantages, comme change à un travail meilleur, guérir d'une maladie, l'interdépendance peut également nous être favorable.
La vacuité
- Si tout est relatif, impermanent et interdépendant, cela signifie-t-il que je ne suis pas réel? Il y a quatre possibilités: oui; non; oui et non; ni oui ni non.
- Nous voyons des objets que sont en essence des concepts, nous expérimentons les pincements et joies du changement, nous éprouvons de émotions, nous cherchons le bonheur et voulons être à l'écart de la souffrance. Impossible a nier tout cela, et même nous ne pouvons pointer quelque chose comme d'incontestablement permanente, singulière et permanente.
- Si nous décomposons les expériences (voire la matière) en éléments de plus en plus fins, en cherchant leurs causes et conditions, nous arrivons à une voie sans issue. Mais c'est pas une voie morte, c'est le premier aperçu de la vacuité, la base d'émergence de toute expérience possible.
- La vacuité est au centre du deuxième cycle d'enseignements du Bouddha et c'est un des termes le plus déroutants de la philosophie bouddhiste.
- Le terme sanskrit est shunyata du shunya "zéro", et le terme tibétain tongpa-nyi, du tongpa "vide", -ta et -nyi placés après un nom ou adjectif ajoutent une idée de possibilité ou d'ouverture [Note CB: ou la notion d'être une qualité avec laquelle qualifier une chose, une situation, comme bonté est la qualité d'être bon]. Donc vacuité ne veut pas dire zéro, mais zéro-ité, un espace infiniment ouvert qui permet à tout d'apparaître, de changer, de disparaître et de réapparaître.
- Voilà une excellent nouvelle. Si tout était permanent, singulier ou indépendant, rien ne changerait, nous serions coincés à jamais là où nous sommes, sans grandir ou apprendre, rien ni personne pourrait nous affecter. Le rapport entre cause et effet n'existerait pas. Mais ce n'est pas le cas, n'est-ce pas? Si nous poussons l'interrupteur la lampe s'allume, si on met l'eau au feu, elle chauffe.
- Donc, sommes nous, nos sentiments réels? Du point de vue de l'expérience, oui, mais si nous regardons au-delà de ces phénomènes, nous ne trouvons rien dont on puisse dire qu'il existe par soi. Nous définissons tout par rapport à d'autres choses, et chaque chose est un flux constant de causes et conditions qui changent à chaque instant, car se met en relation avec d'autres causes et conditions, et ainsi jusqu'à l'infini.
"Nous ne pouvons pas vraiment dire, d'un certain côté, que tout ce dont nous faisons l'expérience existe par soi, ce qui est une façon de considérer la vacuité. Mais nous pouvons dire d'un autre côté, puisque tout ce que nous vivons émerge de la collision temporaire de causes et conditions, il n'y a rien qui soit vacuité." (pg. 152)
- En d'autres termes, la nature fondamentale, la réalité absolue, de toute expérience est vacuité.
Être et voir [introduction à la deuxième partie du livre]
- Pour faire l'expérience de tout chose, nous avons besoin de la capacité de la percevoir. Les pensés, émotions, sont les effets de notre pouvoir fondamentale de faire toutes les expériences possibles. Le Bouddha nous dit que les qualités de la nature de bouddha: sagesse, puissance, bienveillance et compassion, sont infinies, illimités, immensurables. En d'autres termes le fondement de la nature de bouddha est la vacuité.
- C'est vacuité n'est pas être un zombie, car il y a une clarté de la conscience fondamentale que nous permet d'expérimenter et distinguer les phénomènes. Et cette clarté est inséparable de la vacuité. "Moi" et l'expérience de "moi" son simultanées.
- Certains psychologues parlent de "vision innocente", l'expérience qu'on a quand on regarde par première fois quelque chose de vaste, que la distinction entre l'expérience et le "soi " s'efface.
- Souvent on fait l'erreur de croire que pour atteindre la vision innocente il faut éliminer la perception relative. En réalité, la perception relative est aussi une expression de la nature de bouddha, de même que la réalité relative (les choses existent) est une expression de la réalité absolue (tout est vacuité). Nos pensés, émotions ont comme des vagues qui se lèvent et tombent sur un océan infini de possibilités infinies. Mais nous voyons que les vagues, aveugles à l'océan.
Avancer
- Le plan de guérison de dukkha du bouddha élude parler de la vacuité. En approfondissant dans la souffrance et ses causes, la sagesse relative, nous pouvons atteindre la sagesse absolue.
- La sagesse relative, qui nous permet avancer ver l'éveil, est la phase préparatoire. Nous devons d'abord nous familiariser avec nos habitudes et pour cela on va pratiquer la méditation.
Résumé
- Nous ne pouvons pas expérimenter un vrai bonheur durable parce que nous utilisons l'approche limitée du dualisme. Notre conscience est conditionnée par nos habitudes mentales et émotionnelles, comme la biologie, la culture, et les expériences personnelles.
- La NV4 est: pour donner un terme à notre souffrance nous devons couper court avec nos habitudes de perception dualistes et les illusions que les entretiennent. Ce couper court ne se fait pas en les combattant ou supprimant, mais en les accueillant et les explorant. Dukkha devient notre guide.
- Il y a trois bosses du chemin: permanence, singularité, indépendance
- Toutes les expériences peuvent se découper en morceaux de plus en plus petits jusqu'à arriver a une voie morte: c'est la vacuité.
Question
- Est-ce que vous avez eu l'expérience d'être devant quelque chose si vaste, que vous avez resté sans mots? Ou en écoutant une musique, ou la tonnerre, ou le silence dans une grotte? Ou en ayant un moment d'Eureka, d'avoir compris quelque chose?
- Pourquoi j'ai commencé à méditer? Quel a été mon chemin jusqu'à venir pratiquer dans ce group?
Méditation
- 4 nobles vérités et souffle